Sādhana means regular spiritual practice. Within ISKCON it may include rising early, personal cleanliness, mahā-mantra chanting, listening to a talk, study and a practical act of service.
A beginner might start with a few minutes of attentive practice, a page of the Bhagavad-gītā and an occasional kīrtan. A gradual approach can be easier to sustain than a demanding routine from day one.
Japa means individual mantra repetition, often with beads; kīrtan is congregational singing and response. These can coexist with work, family and ordinary responsibilities.
The sixteen-round daily japa vow belongs to the traditional first-initiation requirements, not to website registration or free library access.
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